Overexpression of human mutant α-synuclein renders mice vulnerable to LPS or DSP-4 challenge; (2) Both LPS and DSP-4 significantly produced alterations in gut microbiome, with changes in relative abundance in gut microbiome, accompanied by neurodegeneration and motor deficits, suggesting the Gut-Brain-Microbiota disruption is important in PD development. The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.