NEC+EV mice had improved intestinal histology (Fig. 6a, b), reduced IL-6 and TNFα expression (Fig. 6c, d), and increased Ki67, Lgr5, and Olfm4 expression (Fig. 6e–h) relative to the NEC group of mice not receiving EV from AFSC. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and necrotizing enterocolitis.