NEC+EV mice had improved intestinal histology (Fig. 6a, b), reduced IL-6 and TNFα expression (Fig. 6c, d), and increased Ki67, Lgr5, and Olfm4 expression (Fig. 6e–h) relative to the NEC group of mice not receiving EV from AFSC. The gene discussed is MKI67; the disease is necrotizing enterocolitis.