TIMP1 and acute kidney injury: Western blot analysis further confirmed these trends: compared to the AKI group, EVs alone were able to partially reduce levels of KIM-1 (0.55 ± 0.16 vs. 0.38 ± 0.17 normalized expression, p > 0.05) and TIMP-1 (0.64 ± 0.40 vs. 0.38 ± 0.08 normalized expression, p > 0.05), but combined EVs + pFUS treatment showed much greater reductions in KIM-1 (0.55 ± 0.16 vs. 0.12 ± 0.02 normalized expression, p < 0.05), NGAL (0.44 ± 0.23 vs. 0.08 ± 0.02 normalized expression, p < 0.05), and TIMP-1 (0.64 ± 0.40 vs. 0.19 ± 0.11 normalized expression, p > 0.05) (Fig. 3b).