TNF and acute kidney injury: Similar trends were observed with qRT-PCR analysis of kidney tissue mRNA: compared to untreated controls, cisplatin-induced AKI resulted in elevated transcript levels of Nfkb (78.88 ± 9.85 vs. 178.76 ± 41.93 relative expression, p < 0.05), Il6 (88.08 ± 1.65 vs. 144.56 ± 30.67 relative expression, p > 0.05), and Tnfa (87.07 ± 9.06 vs. 108.95 ± 14.96 relative expression, p < 0.05) (Fig. 4c).