In addition, the interaction between PAR-1/PAR-3 in CD31-expressed endothelial cells was increased by TFMG treatment compared with the control in tumor tissues (Fig. 6e), suggesting that the PAR-1/PAR-3 interaction results in Tie2 activation and is involved in the vascular normalization by the PCNs. This evidence concerns the gene PECAM1 and neoplasm.