Logistic regression analysis identified male sex (odds ratio [OR] 6.109, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.987–26.75, p < 0.001), history of smoking (OR 4.665 95% CI 1.642–16.82, p = 0.003), and a high number of HSP47-positive fibroblasts in the cancer stroma (OR 8.437, 95% CI 2.351–54.07, p = 0.004) as significant risk factors for the recurrence of lung cancer after surgery (Table 4). The gene discussed is SERPINH1; the disease is lung cancer.