MAPK8 and pharyngitis: As shown in Fig. 11, ammonia stimulation enhanced phosphorylation of Erk, JNK and p38 protein kinases, and YHQ treatment at dose of 1 g/kg inhibits the ammonia induced phosphorylation levels of p38 and Erk in acute pharyngitis rat models, while there is no significant change in protein expression of JNK and p-JNK (Fig. 11c).