AKT1 and colonic neoplasm: Conversely, Zhang et al. demonstrated that gambogic acid (0.25–1.5 μM) induced cytoprotective autophagy mediated by ROS and the inhibition of Akt/mTOR signaling in colon cancer cells (HCT-116, SW260) and in a colon cancer xenograft model (8 mg/kg, i.p., daily).