MAPK8 and hepatocellular carcinoma: The induction of cytoprotective autophagy, through JNK activation, was also reported for a 4-prenylated xanthone isolated from mangosteen, gartanin (10–40 μM), in HCC (Hep3B, HepG2, Huh7 cells), as indicated by the presence of acridine orange staining of intracellular AVOs, the conversion of LC3 I to LC3 II, a decrease in p62 and in LC3-positive autophagosomes and autolysosomes.