TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: For example, oral treatment with Cidomycin was found to promote the small intestine transit rate and reduce serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in a NASH mouse model, indicating the potential of Cidomycin in alleviating the severity of NASH via intestinal microbiota modulation [74].