However, it should be underlined that previous studies performed with neuroblastoma cells in vitro and in the rodent brain after sTBI demonstrated that ILB® dose-dependently modulates the gene expression and activation of multiple cytokines (e.g., IL1-β and TGF-β family) and growth factors (e.g., HGF, BDNF, and TNF), consistent with an anti-inflammatory phenotype (unpublished data). This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and neuroblastoma.