Increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins, transcription factors including nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), ROS, cyclooxygenase (COX-2), protein kinases B (AKT), activator protein 1 (AP1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), causing the initiation and development of cancer [83,84]. The gene discussed is JUN; the disease is cancer.