Amplification or overexpression of PDPK1 has been implicated in tumourigenesis and cancer cells survival in many human cancers including breast cancer,50, 51 oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma,52 melanoma,53 gastric carcinoma,54 hepatocellular carcinoma 55 and acute myeloid leukaemia.56 Here, PDPK1 is linked to breast cancer.