Compared with the HFrEF group, the patients in the HFpEF group were older, included higher proportions of women, had lower activity of daily living and a higher prevalence of valvular etiology, hypertension, atrial arrythmia, and dementia than those in the HFrEF group, while the patients in the HFrEF group were more likely to have coronary artery disease and worse renal function and were more often prescribed ACE-I/ARB, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and β-blockers than those in the HFpEF group. Here, ACE is linked to dementia.