TNF and neoplasm: Peptide-mediated cytokine delivery specifically to tumour vasculature, for instance TNFα (RGR-TNFα, NGR-TNFα), normalises and activates endothelial cells, thus increasing adoptive T cell and vaccination therapies (54, 55); first in man studies (phase I, NGR-hTNF, MolMed) have been conducted combining NGR-TNFα and anti-tumour vaccination in metastatic melanoma patients (56).