RIPK4 and bladder transitional cell carcinoma: Consistent with previous studies in bladder urothelial carcinoma, the oncogenic activity of RIPK4 depended on the activation of NF-κB, leading to increased vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) levels, which ultimately mediated the RIPK4-induced EMT and promoted bladder urothelial carcinoma cell aggressiveness (58).