Serum 3β-hydroxysterol Δ24-reductase antibody (DHCR24 Ab) is an autoimmune protein that is remarkably upregulated in HCV-infection patients and can be exploited as diagnostic biomarker for HCV-mediated HCC, but not for HBV-related diseases (158), with a higher AUROC than AFP and PIVKA-II in discriminating HCV-mediated chronic hepatitis from HCV-mediated HCC patients (0.860 vs. 0.840 and 0.780) and no correlation with serum AFP or PIVKA-II levels. The gene discussed is DHCR24; the disease is chronic hepatitis.