A large-scale, multicenter validation study (81) noted that serum DKK1 levels were significantly higher in HCC than in chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, and healthy controls and were valuable for differentiating ANHC from all controls, with an AUROC of 0.841, sensitivity of 70.4%, and specificity of 90.0% in the test cohort and similar results in the validation cohort (0,869, 66.7, and 87.2%, respectively) and in the test cohort (0.870, 73.1, and 90.0%, respectively). The gene discussed is DKK1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.