F2 and chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence II (PIVKA-II), also named des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), was found to be expressed significantly higher in early-stage HBV-related HCC than in chronic hepatitis B and to be valuable for the diagnosis of ANHC, with an AUROC of 0.73, sensitivity of 51.0%, and specificity of 84.5–94.3% (60, 61), and patients with poorly differentiated or undifferentiated HCC and microvascular invasion exhibited higher levels of PIVKA-II.