Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylase, is deemed as a potential therapeutic target for several chronic diseases which are more common in elderly population, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, age-related macular degeneration, and neurodegenerative diseases [31–35]. The gene discussed is SIRT1; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.