NFKB1 and cancer: To further explore the downstream mechanism of ECRG4 in BCa cells, we examined whether ECRG4 regulates the NF-κB signaling pathway, which has been reported to play an important role in several types of cancers (Hoesel and Schmid, 2013; Liu et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2019; Li et al., 2020).