TNF and infection: The coronavirus mouse model demonstrated that the TNF alpha pathway is a key in the pathogenesis of systemic murine coronavirus disease: infection with SARS-CoV 1 of double-null TNF alpharsf1a/1b−/− mice showed that the mouse strain used had a reduced weight loss, indicating that TNF alpha may promote pathogenesis in SARS-CoV 1 disease mediated by TNF alpha receptors (McDermott et al., 2016).