ACE and COVID-19: While the effects of ACEi/ARBs and soluble ACE2 in COVID-19 are not fully known, ACE2 is an endogenous inhibitor of the ACE/Ang II/AT1R pathway and the downstream vasoconstrictive, inflammatory, prothrombotic, and fibrotic responses (Fraga-Silva et al., 2010; Santos et al., 2018).