PPARA and non-alcoholic fatty liver: It has been reported that the PPAR-α mRNA levels were decreased by LPS administration, and different concentrations of OEA upregulated the expression of PPAR-α in cultured monocytes (THP-1 cells, Yang et al., 2016), and it has been reported that administration of OEA significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of PPAR-α in nonalcoholic fatty liver of rats (Li et al., 2015).