Regulation of the RAS by ACE inhibitors and ARBs has been reported to improve stroke outcome in hypertensive animals and reduce the severity of ischemic stroke in humans (Werner et al., 1991; Walther et al., 2002; Iwai et al., 2004; Hosomi et al., 2005; Chitravas et al., 2007; Nagai et al., 2011; Panahpour et al., 2014). The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is ischemic stroke.