TWIST1 and central nervous system cancer: Parallel to all these, TWIST1 expression is upregulated in many types of cancer including glioma (Xu et al., 2017), stomach (Mironchik et al., 2005), liver (Cheng et al., 2007), endometrium (Cheng et al., 2008), breast (Xue et al., 2012), prostate cancer (Elias et al., 2005), angiogenesis (Yan-Qi et al., 2007), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (Lee et al., 2006).