TWIST1 and bone neoplasm: Although TWIST1 expression is limited to breast tissue and hair follicles in healthy adult, recent findings showed that overexpression and aberrant activation of TWIST1 has been linked to the development of many cancers including but not limited to gliomas, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, colon cancer, and bone cancer (Elias et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2006; Kyo et al., 2006; Alexander et al., 2006; Yan-Qi et al., 2007; Singh, 2014; Wang et al., 2018).