A recent phase III, randomized, controlled trial8, (LUX-Lung 7), revealed that afatinib exerted significant benefits in PFS compared to gefitinib in NSCLC patients with EGFR-activating mutations (hazard ration [HR] 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57–0.95). This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.