It is tempting to speculate that the increased expression of TMEM119 and P2Y12 in microglia clusters from MDD cases may reflect enhanced neuron-microglia communication via transforming growth factor (TGF)β1, which shows significant gene-environment interactions predicting adult depression in the context of early life trauma53, as well as purines, in an attempt to protect neuronal function54,55. Here, P2RY12 is linked to depressive symptom measurement.