INS and Insulin resistance: The confirmation of the above thesis were the results of Pala et al. [86], indicating that increased levels of plasma vaspin were associated with a reduced risk of insulin resistance, regardless of BMI, as well as the results of studies conducted by Hao et al. [73] and Jian et al. [23], indicating a relationship between plasma vaspin concentration and BMI, glycemia, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR.