To sum up, as shown in Figure 3, variations in gut microbiota composition, and its derived products are associated with an increase in adiposity, low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance, along with alterations in the endocannabinoid system, intestinal peptide production, leptin resistance and other metabolic characteristics associated with changes reported in patients with diabesity [174,175,176]. The gene discussed is LEP; the disease is Insulin resistance.