BRAF is a central mediator in the MAP kinase signaling cascade and exerts effects predominantly through phosphorylation and activation of MEK, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several cancers, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, papillary thyroid cancer, and ovarian cancer [24]. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is thyroid gland papillary carcinoma.