Immunological studies in humans show elevated in vitro production of parasite antigen-driven Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-6), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5) and Treg (IL-10) cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients with CE confirming that human immune responses to E. granulosus metacestode is regulated by a mixed Th1/Th2/Treg response [23]. Here, IL4 is linked to cholesteryl ester measurement.