The success of CPIs has led to their investigation in combination with established therapies including chemotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and radiotherapy, with further advances in KEYNOTE-189, Keynote-407 and IMpower-130 establishing combination chemo-immunotherapy as a first line treatment option in advanced NSCLC lacking EGFR mutation or ALK rearrangement [24–26]. Here, EGFR is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.