For example, the passenger bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum encodes the membrane protein Fusobacterium adhesin A (FadA) that binds to E-cadherin, activating β-catenin signaling and resulting in increased tumor growth.31–33 Specific E. coli species with the eae gene express the adhesin protein intimin on their membrane surface which binds to and causes lesions to gut epithelial cells, allowing bacteria to breach the colonic barrier. Here, CDH1 is linked to neoplasm.