CERS2 and Insulin resistance: Indeed, production of very-long-chain ceramide species is regulated by ceramide synthases (CerS), where CerS2, the most highly expressed isoform in the kidney, has been found to be associated with albuminuria in diabetic patients [45], and its haploinsufficiency has been reported to induce insulin resistance in the liver of mice fed on a high fat diet (HFD) [46].