NRP1 and multiple sclerosis: Our group has demonstrated that binding of the immunomodulatory tetrapeptide, tuftsin (TKPR), to Nrp1 in the setting of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of Multiple Sclerosis, has the potential to polarize microglia to a more immunosuppressive phenotype via TGFβR1 and SMAD2/3 activation, thereby reducing the severity of the disease course [67].