In total, five different approaches (Table 1), including electrocoagulation, clip/ligature occlusion, endovascular embolization, photothrombosis, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) injection, have been used so far to prevent the blood supply, especially to the MCA territory, and to induce focal brain ischemia in adult/pediatric swine. Here, EDN1 is linked to brain ischemia.