A cross-sectional study with 3276 elderly participants, with sarcopenia defined by the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia diagnostic criteria, showed that the appendicular skeletal muscle mass was positively associated with gender and Body Mass Index (BMI), as well as with GH, testosterone, IGF-1, mechanical growth factor (MGF), urea nitrogen, creatinine, and Hb levels, but negatively associated with HDL-C (all p < 0.05). The gene discussed is GH1; the disease is sarcopenia.