While PRDX6 is recognized for its essential role in maintaining the integrity of  cellular membranes in the pulmonary epithelium, which is exposed to chronical low-grade oxidative stress, in acute lung injury, (e.g. in the course of sepsis), over activation of PLA2/NOX2 signaling pathway may lead to uncontrolled generation of O2•- or H2O2 and paradoxical exacerbation of lung injury. The gene discussed is PRDX6; the disease is Sepsis.