C9orf72 and frontotemporal dementia: Given that the binary image provides a means of detecting o-BMVC foci at the level of individual chromosomes, such imaging methods can be applied to verify the G4 structures formed by the pathogenic expansion of GGGGCC repeats in the C9orf72 gene in amyotrophic dementia and frontotemporal dementia at chromosome 9 [62,63,64].