In these studies using these mice, although lacking the increase in IL‐10 associated with 1,25D activity, vitamin D supplementation was nonetheless able to improve symptoms and decrease TNF‐α expression.(244, 245) Patients with Crohn disease exhibited similar results to the mouse studies with increased IL‐10 and decreased IFN‐γ production upon 1,25D treatment.(246) Vitamin D supplementation trials for IBD have shown some benefit in suppressing inflammatory disease score.(247, 248, 249, 250) However, additional parameters such as cytokine levels have yet to be investigated. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and inflammatory bowel disease.