TP53 and gastric cancer: Gastric cancer is a complex, molecularly heterogeneous disease, wherein its pathogenesis is related to the abnormal expression of oncogenes [12] and tumor suppressor genes [13] in the dysregulation of canonical oncogenic signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling [14], PI3K/Akt signaling [15], Hippo pathway [16], Notch signaling [17], nuclear factor-κB [18], and p53 pathways [19].