TGFB1 and neoplasm: In our analysis of the TCGA pan-cancer cohort, CCND1 amplification showed a statistically significant correlation with high mRNA expression of TGFB1. More importantly, further study showed significant upregulation of mRNA expression of VEGFA, another known factor inducing tumor immune escape and immunotherapy resistance (25), associated with the CCND1 amplification phenotype.