INS and diabetes mellitus: In addition, diabetes duration [12 (SD 7.7) vs. 6.6 years (SD 6.6)] and HbA1c [60 mmol/mol (SD 11) vs. 54 mmol/mol (SD 9)] was higher in the exogenous insulin-treated patients than in the non-insulin treated patients (p < 0.05) (33).