Obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes also had increased inflammatory cytokine gene expression [plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced protein] that was significantly related to insulin sensitivity measured by clamp. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.