TGFB1 and tuberculosis: For preventing excessive lung damage during Mtb infection, Mtb also elicits the production of protective factors that promote its survival including anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) (7–9) and several human TB studies show that these factors has been shown to be increased in the active TB patients (10, 11).