The basis for these recommendations is that in recent years there has been new and convincing evidence from cardiovascular safety studies [i.e. LEADER-, SUSTAIN-6-, EMPA-REG OUTCOME-, and CANVAS-study (Zinman et al., 2015; Marso et al., 2016a; Marso et al., 2016b; Neal et al., 2017)] demonstrating mortality benefits for type 2 diabetics with cardiovascular disease or at high cardiovascular risk and treatment with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues. The gene discussed is GCG; the disease is cardiovascular disorder.