MIF and Parkinson disease: MIF has been found to be expressed in neocortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, choroid plexus, and spinal cord (Nishibori et al., 1997; Bacher et al., 1998; Ogata et al., 1998; Vedder et al., 2000; Li et al., 2008; Danış et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2019) and involved in Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease (AD), autism spectrum disorders, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, and gliomas (Grigorenko et al., 2008; Mittelbronn et al., 2011; Nicoletti et al., 2011; Cox et al., 2013; Zeiner et al., 2015; Kassaar et al., 2017; Okazaki et al., 2018; Cheng et al., 2020).