HSPA5 and synucleinopathy: As such, we might hypothesize that the reported αSyn-activation of the actin signaling pathway Rac1/PAK2/LIMK/cofilin-1 via GRP78 (Bellani et al., 2014) which results on cofilin inactivation, and consequent blockage of actin dynamics (Sousa et al., 2009; Bellani et al., 2014) occurs at the pre-synapse, and might contribute for the synaptic dysfunction observed in the several synucleinopathies.