In AD, Aβ-induced formation of rods occurs through a pathway involving the cellular prion protein (PrPC) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) (Walsh et al., 2014), which results in the dysregulation of cofilin activity via oxidation and dephosphorylation, and consequent formation of cofilin-actin rods. Here, FMO5 is linked to Alzheimer disease.