The total duration of AF episodes was 19.6 ± 7.7 s in diabetic vs. 1.8 ± 1.1 s in age-matched control group (p = 0.032) and 1.9 ± 1.5 s in age-matched insulin-treated group (p = 0.137), with duration ranging from 2.8 to 62.1 s (Figures 2A,B). This evidence concerns the gene INS and atrial fibrillation.