Notably, oAd-TRAIL/gel greatly attenuated antiviral immune response to a basal level while preserving the ability of oAd to induce robust antitumor immune response; as evidenced by greater quantity of interferon (IFN)-γ secretion following co-culture of irradiated cancer cells with immune cells and intratumoral infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following oAd-TRAIL/gel treatment than naked oAd-TRAIL. This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF10 and cancer.