CCL4 and colorectal carcinoma: CCR5 (CD195) along with its three known ligands (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5) comprises an important axis of the chemokine network and mediates multiple physiological functions as well as others related to malignancies including CRC (Aldinucci and Casagrande 2018; Fuente et al. 2018; Oliveira et al. 2014; Singh et al. 2018; Walens et al. 2019).