Missense variants in SPATC1L (rs113710653) [24], TNFSF13 (rs11552708) [24], SLC22A25 (rs11231397) [24], RPL3L (rs140185678) [16], GCOM1 and MYZAP (rs147301839) [16], UBE4B (rs187585530) [17], NEBL (rs2296610) [22], LRIG1 (rs2306272) [17], PLEC (rs373243633) [23], DNAH10OS (rs12298484) [17] were associated with risk of AF through GWAS and EWAS approach, and candidate gene based association study found missense variants in AGTR1 [38], AGXT2 [40], ZFHX3 [52], MTR [70], KCNH2 [69], KCNE1 [51], NPPA [66] confer risk to AF. This evidence concerns the gene KCNE1 and atrial fibrillation.