G6PD and infection: A case–control study of SA in Malawian children identified bacteremia, malaria, hookworm infection, HIV infection, and deficiencies in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and vitamins A and B12 to be the major contributors of SA.8 A similar study conducted in Papua New Guinea9 reported that undernutrition, vitamin A deficiency, infection with parvovirus B19, and infection with Plasmodium falciparum malaria were the main factors associated with SA.